Profil

Perintah Dasar Pada Linux

File & Directory

Command Description
man [nama perintah] melihat manual perintah
apropos [suatu yang berhubungan dengan perintah] mencari perintah berdasarkan suatu
ls Melihat daftar direktori
mkdir [nama direktori] Membuat direktori
cd [/direktori/lokasi] Mengubah lokasi direktori
cp [nama file atau direktori] [ke direktori atau nama file] Menyalin file/Direktori
cp -r akan menyalin setiap file dalam direktori yang Anda tentukan.
rm [nama file atau direktori] Menghapus file/Direktori
rm -Rf akan menghapus setiap direktori yang Anda tentukan.
rmdir menghapus direktori
mv [nama file atau direktori] Ganti Name file/Direktori
locate [nama file atau direktori] Mencari file/Direktori
cat [nama file] melihat isi file
more [nama file] melihat isi file layar per layar
less [nama file] melihat isi file baris per baris
pipeline/vertical bar menggabungkan dua perintah
clear membersihkan terminal
[nama file] menjalankan file
which [nama file] mencari file
Command Description
# cd /home enter to directory '/ home'
# cd .. go back one level
# cd ../.. go back two levels
# cd go to home directory
# cd ~user1 go to home directory
# cd - go to previous directory
# cp file1 file2 copying a file
# cp dir/* . copy all files of a directory within the current work directory
# cp -a /tmp/dir1 . copy a directory within the current work directory
# cp -a dir1 dir2 copy a directory
# cp file file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text
# iconv -l lists known encodings
# iconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile converting the coding of characters from one format to another
# find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnails directory (requires convert from Imagemagick)
# ln -s file1 lnk1 create a symbolic link to file or directory
# ln file1 lnk1 create a physical link to file or directory
# ls view files of directory
# ls -F view files of directory
# ls -l show details of files and directory
# ls -a show hidden files
# ls *[0-9]* show files and directory containing numbers
# lstree show files and directories in a tree starting from root(2)
# mkdir dir1 create a directory called 'dir1'
# mkdir dir1 dir2 create two directories simultaneously
# mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 create a directory tree
# mv dir1 new_dir rename / move a file or directory
# pwd show the path of work directory
# rm -f file1 delete file called 'file1'
# rm -rf dir1 remove a directory called 'dir1' and contents recursively
# rm -rf dir1 dir2 remove two directories and their contents recursively
# rmdir dir1 delete directory called 'dir1'
# touch -t 0712250000 file1 modify timestamp of a file or directory - (YYMMDDhhmm)
# tree show files and directories in a tree starting from root(1) 


Penyuntingan Text

Perintah untuk penyuntingan text pada terminal :
Command Description
wc [nama file] menghitung baris, kata, karakter dalam file
sort [nama file] mensortir urutan isi file berdasarkan karakter
grep [text dicari] [nama file] mencari text dalam suatu file
nano [nama file] membuat file txt baru pakai editor nano
pico [nama file] membuat file txt baru pakai editor pico
vi [nama file] membuat file txt baru pakai editor vi
vim [nama file] membuat file txt baru pakai editor vim
mcedit [nama file] membuat file txt baru pakai editor mcedit
cat [nama file] [pipeline] lpr print file

User dan Group

Cara text pada terminal, dalam kondisi administrasi superuser (sudo su), administrasi user :
Command Description
useradd [nama user] menambah user
passwd [nama user] mengganti pasword user
chmod 755 [nama file atau dirctory] mengubah mode user file mnjadi 755 (rwx-r-x-r-x)
chgrp [nama grup] [nama file] mengubah grup file
chown [user] [nama file] mengubah user pemilik file

Administrasi Proses

Perintah administrasi pada terminal yaitu:
Command Description
alias [nama pengganti]=[nama file] mengubah nama file jadi pengganti
unalias [nama penganti] mengembalikan alias
bg [nama file] memaksa suspend proses file agar berjalan di background
fg [nama file] mengembalikan proses file berjalan di foreground
find [nama file] mencari lokasi file
sudo -s login sementara sebagai superuser atau root (ubuntu dan debian)
sudo su login sementara sebagai superuser atau root (ubuntu dan debian)
su login sementara sebagai superuser atau root (semua linux)
startx menjalankan X-Window bila dalam kondisi single mode
hostname menampilkan nama host dari mesin

Manajemen proses

Command Description
ps ax melihat seluruh proses yang berjalan, ax = all
kill [signal][pid] perintah menghentikan proses PID (nomor proses)
top melihat aktifitas proses
dmesg melihat 10 proses terakhir
tail [namafile] melihat proses tertentu
df melihat pembagian partisi harddsik
du melihat volume disk yang digunakan
free melihat disk yang kosong
uname -a melihat informasi sistem, arsitektur mesin, kernel sistem operasi digunakan, versi, dan detail lain
ifconfig melihat semua interface network (antarmuka jaringan)
iwconfig melihat inteface jaringan nirkabel (wireless LAN)

System information

Command Description
# arch show architecture of machine(1)
# cal 2007 show the timetable of 2007
# cat /proc/cpuinfo show information CPU info
# cat /proc/interrupts show interrupts
# cat /proc/meminfo verify memory use
# cat /proc/swaps show file(s) swap
# cat /proc/version show version of the kernel
# cat /proc/net/dev show network adpters and statistics
# cat /proc/mounts show mounted file system(s)
# clock -w save date changes on BIOS
# date show system date
# date 041217002007.00 set date and time - MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Seconds
# dmidecode -q show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI)
# hdparm -i /dev/hda displays the characteristics of a hard-disk
# hdparm -tT /dev/sda perform test reading on a hard-disk
# lspci -tv display PCI devices
# lsusb -tv show USB devices
# uname -m show architecture of machine(2)
# uname -r show used kernel version

Shutdown, Restart and Logout of a system

Command Description
# init 0 shutdown system(2)
# logout leaving session
# reboot reboot(2)
# shutdown -h now shutdown system(1)
# shutdown -h 16:30 & planned shutdown of the system at 16:30
# shutdown -c cancel a planned shutdown of the system
# shutdown -r now reboot(1)
# telinit 0 shutdown system(3)

Sumber: IGOSCB

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